Ratio Estimators in Simple Random Sampling Using Information on Auxiliary Attribute

Some ratio estimators for estimating the population mean of the variable under study, which make use of information regarding the population proportion possessing certain attribute, are proposed. Under simple random sampling without replacement (SRSWOR) scheme, the expressions of bias and mean-squared error (MSE) up to the first order of approximation are derived. The results obtained have been illustrated numerically by taking some empirical population considered in the literature.Comment: 7 page

MANAGEMENT OF FLEXION CONTRACTURE OF HAND: AN EXPERIENCE IN A TERTIARY CARE INSTITUTION

Abstract The flexion contracture involving the hand arise out of a variety of reasons which can be due to Post burn contractures involving palm or digits; flexion contracture of palm or digits due to Dupuytren’s contracture; post traumatic flexion contracture and developmental anomaly of the digits as Camptodactyly. A prospective study was conducted on patients with flexion contractures involving the hand needing correction presenting to OPD of the Post Graduate Department of General Surgery, Government Medical College, Jammu over a period of 12 months w.e.f. 1st November 2021 to 31stOctober 2022. All the patients were treated as in patients (after admission). The clinic-epidemiological profile of patients was noted and treatment modalities were planned as per the type of deformity.In the Management of Flexion Contracture of Hand, Objective of release was to achieve a functional hand. Stress was laid on post operative splintage and physiotherapy for better functional outcome

AUXILIARY INFORMATION AND A PRIORI VALUES IN CONSTRUCTION OF IMPROVED ESTIMATORS

This volume is a collection of six papers on the use of auxiliary information and a priori values in construction of improved estimators. The work included here will be of immense application for researchers and students who employ auxiliary information in any form. Below we discuss each paper: 1. Ratio estimators in simple random sampling using information on auxiliary attribute. Prior knowledge about population mean along with coefficient of variation of the population of an auxiliary variable is known to be very useful particularly when the ratio, product and regression estimators are used for estimation of population mean of a variable of interest. However, the fact that the known population proportion of an attribute also provides similar type of information has not drawn as much attention. In fact, such prior knowledge can also be very useful when a relation between the presence (or absence) of an attribute and the value of a variable, known as point biserial correlation, is observed. Taking into consideration the point biserial correlation between a variable and an attribute, Naik and Gupta (1996) defined ratio, product and regression estimators of population mean when the prior information of population proportion of units, possessing the same attribute is available. In the present paper, some ratio estimators for estimating the population mean of the variable under study, which make use of information regarding the population proportion possessing certain attribute are proposed. The expressions of bias and mean squared error (MSE) have been obtained. The results obtained have been illustrated numerically by taking some empirical populations considered in the literature

Incarcerated Grynfelt-Lesshaft's giant lumbar hernia: a case report

A uncommon posterior abdominal wall defect called the Grynfeltt-Lesshaft hernia permits the herniation of retro and intraperitoneal tissues via the upper lumbar triangle. We describe a case of a post-menopausal woman who visited the surgical OPD because of a bulge that was steadily growing in the right lumbar area. She had a history of spinal tuberculosis and underwent computed tomography (CT) guided aspiration of a paravertebral abscess and surgical fixation of vertebrae. During the initial clinical examination, the swelling resembled a large lipoma, but other potential diagnoses considered were an incisional hernia, large lipoma, abscess, or hematoma. Ultrasonography was inconclusive in differentiating due to the large size and limited visibility. Consequently, contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) scans of the abdomen revealed a substantial defect in the right lumbar area with herniation of the small bowel, large bowel, and omental fat. The diagnosis of a right Grynfelt hernia was established, and the patient was referred for surgical repair. Preoperatively, the hernia was classified as a type "A" lumbar hernia, according to Moreno-Egea et al classification. For the diagnosis of lumbar hernia and surgical planning, computed tomography (CT) is the most commonly used imaging modality. It allows for accurate visualization and assessment of the hernia, aiding in both the diagnosis and the planning of the surgical procedure

A GENERAL FAMILY OF DUAL TO RATIO-CUM-PRODUCT ESTIMATOR IN SAMPLE SURVEYS

This paper presents a family of dual to ratio-cum-product estimators for the finite population mean. Under simple random sampling without replacement (SRSWOR) scheme, expressions of the bias and mean-squared error (MSE) up to the first order of approximation are derived. We show that the proposed family is more efficient than usual unbiased estimator, ratio estimator, product estimator, Singh estimator (1967), Srivenkataramana (1980) and Bandyopadhyaya estimator (1980) and Singh et al. (2005) estimator. An empirical study is carried out to illustrate the performance of the constructed estimator over others

CELLO: Compiler-Assisted Efficient Load-Load Ordering in Data-Race-Free Regions

Efficient Total Store Order (TSO) implementations allow loads to execute speculatively out-of-order. To detect order violations, the load queue (LQ) holds all the in-flight loads and is searched on every invalidation and cache eviction. Moreover, in a simultaneous multithreading processor (SMT), stores also search the LQ when writing to cache. LQ searches entail considerable energy consumption. Furthermore, the processor stalls upon encountering the LQ full or when its ports are busy. Hence, the LQ is a critical structure in terms of both energy and performance. In this work, we observe that the use of the LQ could be dramatically optimized under the guarantees of the datarace-free (DRF) property imposed by modern programming languages. To leverage this observation, we propose CELLO, a software-hardware co-design in which the compiler detects memory operations in DRF regions and the hardware optimizes their execution by safely skipping LQ searches without violating the TSO consistency model. Furthermore, CELLO allows removing DRF loads from the LQ earlier, as they do not need to be searched to detect consistency violations. With minimal hardware overhead, we show that an 8-core 2- way SMT processor with CELLO avoids almost all conservative searches to the LQ and significantly reduces its occupancy. CELLO allows i) to reduce the LQ energy expenditure by 33% on average (up to 53%) while performing 2.8% better on average (up to 18.6%) than the baseline system, and ii) to shrink the LQ size from 192 to only 80 entries, reducing the LQ energy expenditure as much as 69% while performing on par with a mainstream LQ implementation

Lymphangiogenesis requires Ang2/Tie/PI3K signaling for VEGFR3 cell-surface expression

Publisher Copyright: © 2022 American Society for Clinical Investigation. All rights reserved.Vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) induces lymphangiogenesis via VEGF receptor 3 (VEGFR3), which is encoded by the most frequently mutated gene in human primary lymphedema. Angiopoietins (Angs) and their Tie receptors regulate lymphatic vessel development, and mutations of the ANGPT2 gene were recently found in human primary lymphedema. However, the mechanistic basis of Ang2 activity in lymphangiogenesis is not fully understood. Here, we used gene deletion, blocking Abs, transgene induction, and gene transfer to study how Ang2, its Tie2 receptor, and Tie1 regulate lymphatic vessels. We discovered that VEGF-C-induced Ang2 secretion from lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) was involved in full Akt activation downstream of phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K). Neonatal deletion of genes encoding the Tie receptors or Ang2 in LECs, or administration of an Ang2-blocking Ab decreased VEGFR3 presentation on LECs and inhibited lymphangiogenesis. A similar effect was observed in LECs upon deletion of the PI3K catalytic p110α subunit or with smallmolecule inhibition of a constitutively active PI3K located downstream of Ang2. Deletion of Tie receptors or blockade of Ang2 decreased VEGF-C-induced lymphangiogenesis also in adult mice. Our results reveal an important crosstalk between the VEGF-C and Ang signaling pathways and suggest new avenues for therapeutic manipulation of lymphangiogenesis by targeting Ang2/Tie/PI3K signaling.Peer reviewe